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A theoretical plate in many separation processes is a hypothetical zone or stage in which two phases, such as the liquid and vapor phases of a substance, establish an equilibrium with each other. Such equilibrium stages may also be referred to as an equilibrium stage , ideal stage , or a theoretical tray .
The plate count N as a criterion for system efficiency was developed for isocratic conditions, i.e., a constant mobile phase composition throughout the run. In gradient conditions, where the mobile phase changes with time during the chromatographic run, it is more appropriate to use the parameter peak capacity P c as a measure for the system ...
Two well resolved peaks in a chromatogram. The plate height given as: = with the column length and the number of theoretical plates can be estimated from a chromatogram by analysis of the retention time for each component and its standard deviation as a measure for peak width, provided that the elution curve represents a Gaussian curve.
The Knox equation is commonly used in HPLC to describe the different contributions to overall band broadening of a solute. The Knox equation is expressed as: h = An^(1/3)+ B/n + Cn. Where: h = the reduced plate height count (plate height/stationary phase particle diameter)
Chromatographic peak resolution is given by = + where t R is the retention time and w b is the peak width at baseline. The bigger the time-difference and/or the smaller the bandwidths, the better the resolution of the compounds.
The fundamental resolution equation is used in chromatography to help relate adjustable chromatographic parameters to resolution, and is as follows: . R s = [N 1/2 /4][(α-1)/α][k 2 '/(1+k 2 ')], where
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