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FCoE operates on top of the data link layer in the OSI model which contrasts with most other well-known protocols that may use Ethernet, such as (for a storage-related example) iSCSI, which runs on top of TCP over IP. As a consequence, FCoE is not routable at the IP layer and will not work across routed IP networks such as the Internet.
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP), contrast with Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) Gen 5 Fibre Channel; Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Interconnect bottleneck; FATA, IDE, ATA, SATA, SAS, AoE, SCSI, iSCSI, PCI Express; IP over Fibre Channel (IPFC) N_Port ID Virtualization; World Wide Name
As noted above, one of the drivers behind enhancing Ethernet is to support storage traffic. While iSCSI was available, it depends on TCP/IP and there was a desire to support storage traffic at layer 2. This gave rise to the development of the FCoE protocol, which needed reliable Ethernet transport.
LIO supports a wide range of storage protocols and transport fabrics, including but not limited to Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), Fibre Channel, IEEE 1394 and iSCSI. [3] It is utilized in several Linux distributions and is a popular choice for cloud environments due to its integration with tools like QEMU/KVM, libvirt, and OpenStack. [4]
In this regard it is more comparable to Fibre Channel over Ethernet than iSCSI. With fewer protocol layers, this approach makes AoE fast and lightweight. It also makes the protocol relatively easy to implement and offers linear scalability with high performance. The AoE specification is 12 pages [1] compared with iSCSI's 257 pages. [2] AoE ...
Internet Small Computer Systems Interface or iSCSI (/ aɪ ˈ s k ʌ z i / ⓘ eye-SKUZ-ee) is an Internet Protocol-based storage networking standard for linking data storage facilities. iSCSI provides block-level access to storage devices by carrying SCSI commands over a TCP/IP network. iSCSI facilitates data transfers over intranets and to manage storage over long distances.
Some products were marketed around 2005 with the term C-NIC which combined iSCSI storage functionality with Gigabit Ethernet.Later products used the marketing term converged network adapter (CNA), combining Fibre Channel over Ethernet with 10 Gigabit Ethernet, for example.
An Ethernet fabric is promoted for Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI storage traffic. Ethernet fabrics have the following characteristics: [2] Flatter: Ethernet fabrics are self-aggregating, enabling a flatter network. Intelligent: Switches in the fabric know about each other and all connected devices.