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According to the theory of cosmic inflation initially introduced by Alan Guth and D. Kazanas, [23] if it is assumed that inflation began about 10 −37 seconds after the Big Bang and that the pre-inflation size of the universe was approximately equal to the speed of light times its age, that would suggest that at present the entire universe's ...
Because humans cannot observe space beyond the edge of the observable universe, it is unknown whether the size of the universe in its totality is finite or infinite. [3] [57] [58] Estimates suggest that the whole universe, if finite, must be more than 250 times larger than a Hubble sphere. [59]
If the true value of the cosmological curvature parameter is larger than 10 −3 we will be able to distinguish ... (Pi and the size of the Universe)". Numberphile ...
For distances comparable to the size of the observable universe, the attribution of the cosmological redshift becomes more ambiguous, although its interpretation as a kinematic Doppler shift remains the most natural one. [96] An unexplained discrepancy with the determination of the Hubble constant is known as Hubble tension. Techniques based on ...
The history of the universe after inflation but before a time of about 1 second is largely unknown. [20] However, the universe is known to have been dominated by ultrarelativistic Standard Model particles, conventionally called radiation, by the time of neutrino decoupling at about 1 second. [21]
If the theory of inflation is true, the universe went through an episode dominated by a different form of dark energy in the first moments of the Big Bang, but inflation ended, indicating an equation of state more complex than those assumed for present-day dark energy. It is possible that the dark energy equation of state could change again ...
Neither time nor size are to scale. The size of the whole universe is unknown, and it might be infinite in extent. [20] According to the Big Bang theory, the very early universe was an extremely hot and dense state about 13.8 billion years ago [21] which rapidly expanded.
Later in the 1920s, Edwin Hubble showed that Andromeda was far outside the Milky Way by measuring Cepheid variable stars, proving that Curtis was correct. [6] It is now known that the Milky Way is only one of as many as an estimated 200 billion (2 × 10 11) [7] to 2 trillion (2 × 10 12) or more galaxies in the observable Universe.