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Agricultural productivity released labor at a time when manufacturing was growing. Manufacturing productivity growth peaked with factory electrification and automation, but still remains significant. However, as the relative size of the manufacturing sector shrank the government and service sectors, which have low productivity growth, grew. [127]
Measuring OEE is a manufacturing best practice. By measuring OEE and the underlying losses, important insights can be gained on how to systematically improve the manufacturing process. OEE is an effective metric for identifying losses, bench-marking progress, and improving the productivity of manufacturing equipment (i.e., eliminating waste).
An example of experience curve effects: Swanson's law states that solar module prices have dropped about 20% for each doubling of installed capacity. [1] [2]In industry, models of the learning or experience curve effect express the relationship between experience producing a good and the efficiency of that production, specifically, efficiency gains that follow investment in the effort.
Lean manufacturing adopts the just-in-time approach and additionally focuses on reducing cycle, flow, and throughput times by further eliminating activities that do not add any value for the customer. [1] Lean manufacturing also involves people who work outside of the manufacturing process, such as in marketing and customer service.
Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement.It was introduced by American engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola in 1986. [1] [2]Six Sigma strategies seek to improve manufacturing quality by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.
Syndicated research is a single research study conducted by a research company with its results available, for sale, to multiple companies. [14] Pre-market research can be conducted to optimize advertisements for any medium : radio, television, print (magazine, newspaper or direct mail), outdoor billboard (highway, bus, or train), or Internet.
Mass customization is a product design strategy and is currently used with both delayed differentiation and modular design to enhance the value delivered to customers. [2]Mass customization is the method of, "effectively postponing the task of differentiating a product for a specific customer until the latest possible point in the supply network".
Orlicky's 1975 book Material Requirements Planning has the subtitle The New Way of Life in Production and Inventory Management. [2] By 1975, MRP was implemented in 700 companies. This number had grown to about 8,000 by 1981. In 1983, Oliver Wight developed MRP into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II). [3]