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Visceral hypersensitivity In FGID there is poor association of pain with GI motility in many functional GI disorders. These patient often have a lower pain threshold with balloon distension of the bowel (visceral hyperalgesia ), or they have increased sensitivity even to normal intestinal function; Visceral hypersensitivity may be amplified in ...
The two major single entities among functional disorders of the gut are functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. [3] Visceral hypersensitivity is hypersensitive visceral pain perception, which is commonly experienced by individuals with functional gastrointestinal disorders. [4]
Some people also experience a sensation known as globus esophagus, where it feels as if a ball is lodged in the lower part of the esophagus. The following are additional diseases and conditions that affect the esophagus: Achalasia [1] Acute esophageal necrosis; Barrett's esophagus; Boerhaave syndrome; Caustic injury to the esophagus; Chagas disease
Theories include combinations of "gut–brain axis" problems, alterations in gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, infections including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, neurotransmitters, genetic factors, and food sensitivity. [2] Onset may be triggered by a stressful life event, [16] or an intestinal infection. [17]
Diffuse esophageal spasm; Nutcracker esophagus; Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter; An esophageal motility disorder can also be secondary to other diseases. [1] For example, it may be a result of CREST syndrome, referring to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud syndrome, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia. [2]
Patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy may experience bleeding from the stomach, which may uncommonly manifest itself in vomiting blood or melena; however, portal hypertension may cause several other more common sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, such as esophageal varices and gastric varices. On endoscopic evaluation of the ...
The Rome IV criteria further classifies functional dyspepsia into two subtypes, postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS). [54] Postprandial distress syndrome is marked by dyspeptic symptoms brought on by meals, such as postprandial fullness and early satiety and accounts for 69% of patients with functional dyspepsia.
Esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus, most commonly caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease . [6] It is defined by the sensation of "heartburn" or a burning sensation in the chest as a result of inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter at the site where the esophagus connects to the stomach. It is often treated ...