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The pascaline (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascal's calculator) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen , France. [ 2 ]
The 17th century marked the beginning of the history of mechanical calculators, as it saw the invention of its first machines, including Pascal's calculator, in 1642. [ 3 ] [ 15 ] Blaise Pascal had invented a machine which he presented as being able to perform computations that were previously thought to be only humanly possible.
In 1642, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines), establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator. [6] [7] Like his contemporary René Descartes, Pascal was also a pioneer in the natural and applied sciences.
Blaise Pascal and Wilhelm Schickard were the two original inventors of the mechanical calculator in 1642. [1] For Pascal, this was an adding machine that could perform additions and subtractions directly and multiplication and divisions by repetitions, while Schickard's machine, invented several decades earlier, was less functionally efficient ...
Pascal invented his machine in 1642. In 1642, while still a teenager, Blaise Pascal started some pioneering work on calculating machines and after three years of effort and 50 prototypes [18] he invented a mechanical calculator. [19] [20] He built twenty of these machines (called Pascal's calculator or Pascaline) in the following ten years. [21]
The Arithmometer, invented in 1820 as a four-operation mechanical calculator, was released to production in 1851 as an adding machine and became the first commercially successful unit; forty years later, by 1890, about 2,500 arithmometers had been sold [16] plus a few hundreds more from two arithmometer clone makers (Burkhardt, Germany, 1878 ...
In 1623 and 1624, in two letters that he sent to Kepler, reported his design and construction of what he referred to as an “arithmeticum organum” (“arithmetical instrument”) that he has invented, [16] but which would later be described as a Rechenuhr (calculating clock). The machine was designed to assist in all the four basic functions ...
Ramon Llull invented the Lullian Circle: a notional machine for calculating answers to philosophical questions (in this case, to do with Christianity) via logical combinatorics. This idea was taken up by Leibniz centuries later, and is thus one of the founding elements in computing and information science .