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Dental caries (cavities), described as "tooth decay", is an infectious disease which damages the structures of teeth. [43] The disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, and infection. Dental caries has a long history, with evidence showing the disease was present in the Bronze, Iron, and Middle ages but also prior to the neolithic period. [44]
Dental work performed mostly in UK/Europe in last half of 20th Century. Tooth development is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth. Although many diverse species have teeth, non-human tooth development is largely the same as in humans.
As the dental pulp is a highly vascularised and innervated region of the tooth, it is the site of origin for most pain-related sensations. [12] The dental pulp nerve is innervated by one of the trigeminal nerves, otherwise known as the fifth cranial nerve. The neurons enter the pulp cavity through the apical foramen and branch off to form the ...
Tooth development begins at week 6 in utero, in the oral epithelium. The process is divided into three stages: Initiation; Morphogenesis and; Histogenesis [2]; At the end of week 7 i.u., localised proliferations of cells in the dental laminae form round and oval swellings known as tooth buds, which will eventually develop into mesenchymal cells and surround the enamel organ.
Cross-section of a tooth. B is dentin. Dentin (/ ˈ d ɛ n t ɪ n / DEN-tin) (American English) or dentine (/ ˈ d ɛ n ˌ t iː n / DEN-teen or / ˌ d ɛ n ˈ t iː n / DEN-TEEN) (British English) (Latin: substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.
This layer, along with the inner enamel epithelium, is responsible for the tooth enamel formation. It is a part of the dental (enamel) organ. Stratum intermedium stores glycogen. It is absent in the part of the tooth germ that outlines the root portions of the tooth which does not form enamel.
As the cells of the reduced enamel epithelium degenerate, the tooth is revealed progressively with its eruption into the mouth. The degeneration of reduced enamel epithelium also mediates the initial epithelial attachment to the tooth, which is called the junctional epithelium. The reduced enamel epithelium consist of: Inner enamel epithelium
Because dental pain is a late finding, many lesions are not detected early, resulting in restorative obstacles and increased tooth loss. [3] Cementicles are small, spherical or ovoid calcified masses embedded within or attached to the cementum layer on the root surface of a tooth, or lying free within the periodontal ligament. [19] [20]