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Negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE), also known as Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema, is a clinical phenomenon that results from the generation of large negative pressures in the airways during attempted inspiration against some form of obstruction of the upper airways.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema [27] is when inspiration is attempted against some sort of obstruction in the upper airway, most commonly happens as a result of laryngospasm in adults. This negative pressure in the chest ruptures capillaries and floods the alveoli with blood [28] Pulmonary embolism [29]
The principal conditions are decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism), nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, oxygen toxicity, and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung). Although some of these may occur in other settings, they are of particular concern during diving activities. [1]
The relationship between the intra-pulmonary pressure and intra-pleural pressure is that the pressure becomes more negative during inspiration and allows air to get sucked in (Boyle's law) P vs V relationship and during expiration, the pressure becomes less negative (Note: still less than atmospheric pressure, also take note of the partial ...
Negative-pressure pulmonary edema; O. Obstructive lung disease; Occupational lung disease; P. Pneumonia alba; Progressive massive fibrosis; Pulmonary alveolar ...
Local venous pressure falls to -5 at the apexes and rises to +15 mmHg at the bases, again for the erect lung. Pulmonary blood pressure is typically in the range 25–10 mmHg with a mean pressure of 15 mmHg. Regional arterial blood pressure is typically in the range 5 mmHg near the apex of the lung to 25 mmHg at the base.
Negative pressure inspiration when diving. [3] Use of a snorkel and some types of scuba equipment may cause a negative pressure difference between the air-source and lung centroid, which will cause a greater leakage of fluid into the alveoli.
However, during a reduction in ambient pressure, the rate of pressure reduction may exceed the rate at which gas can be eliminated by diffusion and perfusion, and if the concentration gets too high, it may reach a stage where bubble formation can occur in the supersaturated tissues. When the pressure of gases in a bubble exceed the combined ...