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"Building the redwood region: The redwood lumber industry and the landscape of Northern California, 1850–1929" (PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2000. 3001767). Cox, Thomas R. Mills and markets: A history of the Pacific Coast lumber industry to 1900 (U of Washington Press, 2016).
Leading into the early 1800s much of the pine in New Brunswick had been cut and Ottawa-Gatineau was considered the boundary for lumbering. Moving to the mid 1800s much of the pine in this once pristine area was now cut. [3] The first part of the industry, the trade in squared timber lasted until about the 1850s.
As the logging industry expanded, the 1880s saw the introduction of mechanized equipment like railroads and steam-powered machinery, marking the beginning of the railroad logging era. Logs were moved more efficiently by railroads built into remote forest areas, often supported by additional methods like high-wheel loaders , tractors and log ...
The logging company wangan train, called a Mary Anne, was a caravan of wagons pulled by four- or six-horse teams where roads followed the river to transport the tents, blankets, food, stoves, and tools needed by the log drivers. [12]
A lumberjack c. 1900. Lumberjack is a mostly North American term for workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees. The term usually refers to loggers in the era before 1945 in the United States, when trees were felled using hand tools and dragged by oxen to rivers.
The timber industry entered what was known as the "bonanza era" as lumber plants and logging roads criss-crossed the forests. [1] Plant owners built company towns, including Camden, Kirbyville and Diboll, to attract employees. Working conditions for timber workers was harsh and dangerous.
The requirements of the logging industry involved the creation of a working site and housing from the pristine wilderness. The construction of the logging camp consisted of a transformation of the natural environment to the built environment. [1] Logging was seasonal in nature, with farmers often working as lumberjacks during the winter.
Logging and trading communities in the territory, such as International Falls, were often known as centers of lawlessness and vice. [115] Saloons were commonly the social centers of the towns with brothels and "bath houses" adding to the character of the society. These gathering places attracted trappers, traders, smugglers, and numerous others ...