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1. y 2 /y 1 > 1: depth increases over the jump so that y 2 > y 1 2. Fr 2 < 1: downstream flow must be subcritical 3. Fr 1 > 1: upstream flow must be supercritical. Table 2 shows the calculated values used to develop Figure 8. The values associated with a y 1 = 1.5 ft are not valid for use since they
A tidal bore is a hydraulic jump which occurs when the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the current. [16] As is true for hydraulic jumps in general, bores take on various forms depending upon the difference in the waterlevel upstream and down, ranging from an undular ...
A diagram showing how scour holes are formed. Bridge scour is the removal of sediment such as sand and gravel from around bridge abutments or piers. Hydrodynamic scour, caused by fast flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure.
A final 100-foot (30 m) section ends in the river, with or without a drop, depending on the river level. Overall slope adds another seven feet of drop, for a total course drop of 15 feet (4.6 m), plus zero to four feet (0 to 1.2 meters) into the river at the end. The following map shows the arrangement of the visible and submerged features.
Gabion stepped weirs are commonly used for river training and flood control; the stepped design enhances the rate of energy dissipation in the channel, and it is particularly well suited to the construction of gabion stepped weirs. [2] A gabion wall is a retaining wall made of stacked stone-filled gabions tied together with wire.
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At birth, a baby blue whale is already 25 ft long (the size of an adult killer whale) and can drink up to 150 gallons (568 liters) of milk a day and gain as much as 200 lbs (90 kg) per day in its ...
Armour of basalt blocks. In hydrology and geography, armor is the association of surface pebbles, rocks or boulders with stream beds or beaches.Most commonly hydrological armor occurs naturally; however, a man-made form is usually called riprap, when shorelines or stream banks are fortified for erosion protection with large boulders or sizable manufactured concrete objects.