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Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and bilateral leg swelling. [3]
Congestive heart failure affects millions of people around the world and since it means that the body’s needs are not being met, it can ultimately lead to death. Part of the reason why so many people are affected by heart failure, is that there are a wide variety of heart diseases like ischemia and valvular disease that can impair the heart ...
Swollen feet, legs, and ankles—often called peripheral edema—can be a telltale sign of congestive heart failure. Blame it on gravity: When the heart is unable to pump blood effectively because ...
Primary disease of the muscle of the heart that cause LVH are known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, which can lead into heart failure. [citation needed] Long-standing mitral insufficiency also leads to LVH as a compensatory mechanism. [citation needed] LV mass increases with ageing. [4] Associated genes include OGN, osteoglycin. [5]
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
Modalities applied to measurement of ejection fraction is an emerging field of medical mathematics and subsequent computational applications. The first common measurement method is echocardiography, [7] [8] although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [8] [9] cardiac computed tomography, [8] [9] ventriculography and nuclear medicine (gated SPECT and radionuclide angiography) [8] [10 ...
transudative effusion: due to non-inflammatory causes (congestive heart failure, myxoedema, nephrotic syndrome) exudative effusion: inflammatory or malignant causes (tuberculosis, spread from empyema, metastasis) hemorrhagic effusion: high blood concentration (trauma, rupture of aneurysms, malignant effusion)
In hematology, effective circulating volume (ECV) is the volume of arterial blood effectively perfusing tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ECV is a dynamic quantity and not a measurable, distinct compartment. [ 1 ] This concept is useful for discussion of cardiovascular and renal physiology.