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Waddell's signs are a group of physical signs, first described in a 1980 article in Spine, and named for the article's principal author, Professor Gordon Waddell (1943–2017), a Scottish Orthopedic Surgeon. [1] [2] Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain.
The Ober test is used in physical examination to identify tightness of the iliotibial band (iliotibial band syndrome). During the test, the patient lies on his/her side with the unaffected leg on the bottom with their shoulder and pelvis in line. The lower hip and knee can be in a flexed position to take out any lordosis of the lumbar spine. [1]
Gaenslen's test, also known as Gaenslen's maneuver, is a medical test used to detect musculoskeletal abnormalities and primary-chronic inflammation of the lumbar vertebrae and sacroiliac joint. [1] This test is often used to test for spondyloarthritis , sciatica , or other forms of rheumatism , and is often performed during checkup visits in ...
The tests differ in the rotation of the arm; in the empty can test, the arm is rotated to full internal rotation (thumb down) and in the full can test, the arm is rotated to 45° external rotation, thumb up. [1] Once rotated, the clinician pushes down on either the wrists or the elbow, and the patient is instructed to resist the downward pressure.
The straight leg raise is a test that can be performed during a physical examination, with the leg being lifted actively by the patient or passively by the clinician. If the straight leg raise is done actively by the patient, it is a test of functional leg strength, particularly the rectus femoris element of the quadriceps (checking both hip flexion and knee extension strength simultaneously).
This test is often used at schools and doctors' offices to check for scoliosis. The patient bends forward, as if they are diving. If the patient has scoliosis, their back often has a prominent line where the spine is, and one side is higher than the other. A patient's back is completely straight if they do not have scoliosis.