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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. It is used as an add-on treatment for certain types of intractable epilepsy , cluster headaches, treatment-resistant depression and stroke rehabilitation.
Lateral medullary syndrome is a neurological disorder causing a range of symptoms due to ischemia in the lateral part of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem.The ischemia is a result of a blockage most commonly in the vertebral artery or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. [1]
A disrupted blood supply to posterior inferior cerebellar artery due to a thrombus or embolus can result in a stroke and lead to lateral medullary syndrome. Severe occlusion of this artery or to vertebral arteries could lead to Horner's Syndrome as well.
Vagus nerve stimulation therapy improved the symptoms of treatment-resistant depression for nearly 500 participants in a major clinical trial. ... 18% of active VNS patients experienced symptom ...
Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in hypotension (low blood pressure), often with bradycardia (slowed heart rate), caused by disruption of autonomic nervous system pathways. [1]
In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but in which the damage is located in upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons (i.e., in the cranial nerves IX-XII), that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.
The vagus nerve is also responsible for regulating inflammation in the body, via the inflammatory reflex. [7] Efferent vagus nerve fibers innervating the pharynx and back of the throat are responsible for the gag reflex. In addition, 5-HT 3 receptor-mediated afferent vagus stimulation in the gut due to gastroenteritis is a cause of vomiting. [8]
A neuronopathy affects the cell body of a nerve cell in the peripheral nervous system. [5] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Spinal muscular atrophy; Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1; Atypical motor neuron diseases; Dorsal root ganglion disorders