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While Megasthenes's account of India has survived in the later works, little is known about him as a person. He spent time at the court of Sibyrtius, who was a satrap of Arachosia under Antigonus I and then Seleucus I. [2] Megasthenes was then an ambassador for Seleucid king Seleucus I Nicator and to the court of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra (modern Patna).
Megasthenes also comments on the presence of pre-Socratic views among the Brahmans in India and Jews in Syria. Five centuries later Clement of Alexandria, in his Stromateis , may have misunderstood Megasthenes to be responding to claims of Greek primacy by admitting Greek views of physics were preceded by those of Jews and Indians.
Megasthenes in particular was a notable Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. [75] His book Indika is a major literary source for information about the Mauryan Empire. According to Arrian , ambassador Megasthenes (c. 350 – c. 290 BCE) lived in Arachosia and travelled to Pataliputra . [ 76 ]
Pataliputra (IAST: Pāṭaliputra), adjacent to modern-day Patna, Bihar, [1] was a city in ancient India, originally built by Magadha ruler Ajatashatru in 490 BCE, as a small fort (Pāṭaligrāma) near the Ganges river.
According to the later writer Megasthenes (c. 300 BCE), Pataliputra (Greek: Palibothra) was located in the country of the Prasii, which further confirms that Pataliputra was the Nanda capital. [1] The Nanda empire appears to have stretched from present-day Punjab in the west to Odisha in the east. [3]
The name Patliputra (Devanagari: पाटलिपुत्र ) is composed of two words, Patali and Putraka (king). [3] The name Patliputra was given by Ajatashatru, a king of the ancient Indian state of Magadh, who created a fort in Pataligrama near the River Ganga in 490 BCE and later, King Ajatashatru shifted his capital to Patliputra.
They are mentioned by Megasthenes and the Edicts of Ashoka, [7] and first in Tolkappiyam among Tamil literature who was the first to call them Three Glorified by Heaven (Tamil: வான்புகழ் மூவர், Vāṉpukaḻ Mūvar). [1] Ptolemy and the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mention three kingdoms ruling Tamilakam. [citation ...
The first accepted references to the place are observed more than 2500 years ago in Jain and Buddhist scriptures.Recorded history of the city begins in the year 490 BCE when Ajatashatru, the king of Magadha, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly Rajgriha to a more strategically located place to combat the Licchavi of Vaishali.