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Organophosphates are esters and ester derivatives of phosphoric acid. Ester derivatives include: Ester halides (Category:Organophosphorohalidates) Ester pseudohalides (Category:Organophosphoropseudohalidates) Ester amides (Category:Phosphoramidates and Category:Phosphorodiamidates
The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use. The developer of a pesticide applies for a common name when they intend to sell it, but some nevertheless do not reach the market. Many insecticides have been banned or otherwise withdrawn from the market over the decades.
The compound was first registered in 1974 in the United States, together with a United States patent of organophosphates for use in corn fields to deter corn rootworms. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Between 1987 and 1996, an average of about 7.5 million pounds (about 3,400 tons) of the compound was used each year. [ 13 ]
Organophosphate insecticides are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which disrupt the transmission of nerve signals in exposed organisms, with fatal results. The risk of human death through organophosphate poisoning [ 32 ] was obvious from the start and led to efforts to lower toxicity against mammals while not reducing efficacy against insects.
Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was patented and introduced in the 1950s by American Cyanamid. Like other organophosphates, dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. It acts both by contact and through ingestion.
Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, commonly abbreviated as an DDVP [1]) is an organophosphate widely used as an insecticide to control household pests, in public health, and protecting stored products from insects. The compound has been commercially available since 1961.
Phosmet is a phthalimide-derived, non-systemic, organophosphate insecticide used on plants and animals. It is mainly used on apple trees for control of codling moth, though it is also used on a wide range of fruit crops, ornamentals, and vines for the control of aphids, suckers, [clarification needed] mites, and fruit flies.