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Schools of Taoist thought developed around each of these deities. Taoist Alchemy was a large part of these schools, as each of the Three Pure Ones represented one of the three essential fields of the body: jing, qi and shen. The congregation of all three Pure Ones resulted in the return to Tao. The first Pure One is universal or heavenly chi.
Guan Yu was deified as early as the Sui dynasty and is still popularly worshipped today among the Chinese people variedly as an indigenous Chinese deity, a dharmapala in Buddhism and a guardian deity in Taoism. He is also held in high esteem in Confucianism. In Hong Kong both police and gangsters consider him a divine object of reverence.
In Taoism and Chinese folk religion, gods and xian [36] are often seen as embodiments of water. [37] Water gods and xian were often thought to ensure good grain harvests, mild weather and seas, and rivers with abundant water. [37] Some xian were thought to be humans who gained power by drinking "charmed water". [36]
In the 12th century, the Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) School was founded in Shandong by the sage Wang Chongyang (1113–1170) to compete with religious Taoist traditions that worshipped "ghosts and gods" and largely displaced them. [88] The school focused on inner transformation, [88] mystical experience, [88] monasticism, and asceticism.
By 1899, 400 syncretic temples that combined folk religion elements and gods with Buddhist, Taoist, and/or Confucianist gods existed on the American West Coast alone. [56] Statue of Mazu at a temple in Chiayi, Taiwan. In 1904, a reform policy of the late Qing dynasty provided that schools would be built through the confiscation of temple ...
'The Supreme Venerable Sovereign') is a high Taoist god. He is the Taiqing (太清, lit. the Grand Pure One) which is one of the Three Pure Ones, the highest immortals of Taoism. Laozi is regarded to be a manifestation of Daode Tianzun who authored the classic Tao Te Ching. He is traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism, intimately ...
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What began as Taoist worship of Chang'e evolved to include both Buddhist and Taoist traditions, featuring the Moonlight Bodhisattva and the Jade Rabbit. The depictions of the Moon God were mostly inscribed by Taoist temples, titled "Yuefu Suyao Taiyin Xingjun" (月府素曜太阴星君, lit. 'the moon palace of Taiyin Xingjun'). [6]