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The dyes used in glow sticks usually exhibit fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet radiation—even a spent glow stick may therefore shine under a black light. The light intensity is high immediately after activation, then exponentially decays. Leveling of this initial high output is possible by refrigerating the glow stick before activation ...
Some examples of glow-in-the-dark materials do not glow by phosphorescence. For example, glow sticks glow due to a chemiluminescent process which is commonly mistaken for phosphorescence. In chemiluminescence, an excited state is created via a chemical reaction.
It has been found, however, that the chemiluminescence intensity corrected for quantum yield decreases as the singlet excitation energy of the fluorescent molecule increases. [7] There is also a linear relationship between the corrected chemiluminescence intensity and the oxidation potential of the molecule. [ 7 ]
After an electron absorbs a high-energy photon the system is excited electronically and vibrationally. The system relaxes vibrationally, and eventually fluoresces at a longer wavelength than the original high-energy photon had. The fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time the molecule stays in its excited state before emitting a photon.
Chemiluminescence kites, [17] emergency lighting, glow sticks [18] (party decorations). Combustion analysis: Certain free radical species (such as • CH and • OH) give off radiation at specific wavelengths. The heat release rate is calculated by measuring the amount of light radiated from a flame at those wavelengths. [19] Children's toys.
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