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This formula was derived in 1744 by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. [2] The column will remain straight for loads less than the critical load. The critical load is the greatest load that will not cause lateral deflection (buckling). For loads greater than the critical load, the column will deflect laterally.
The theory of the behavior of columns was investigated in 1757 by mathematician Leonhard Euler. He derived the formula, termed Euler's critical load, that gives the maximum axial load that a long, slender, ideal column can carry without buckling. An ideal column is one that is:
The Euler–Bernoulli beam equation defines the behaviour of a beam element (see below). It is based on five assumptions: Continuum mechanics is valid for a bending beam. The stress at a cross section varies linearly in the direction of bending, and is zero at the centroid of every cross section.
Johnson's formula interpolates between the yield stress of the column material and the critical stress given by Euler's formula. It creates a new failure border by fitting a parabola to the graph of failure for Euler buckling using = () There is a transition point on the graph of the Euler curve, located at the critical slenderness ratio.
Euler is well known in structural engineering for his formula giving Euler's critical load, the critical buckling load of an ideal strut, which depends only on its length and flexural stiffness. [ 107 ]
Euler–Bernoulli beam theory can also be extended to the analysis of curved beams, beam buckling, composite beams, and geometrically nonlinear beam deflection. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory does not account for the effects of transverse shear strain. As a result, it underpredicts deflections and overpredicts natural frequencies.
The elastica theory is a theory of mechanics of solid materials developed by Leonhard Euler that allows for very large scale elastic deflections of structures. Euler (1744) and Jakob Bernoulli developed the theory for elastic lines (yielding the solution known as the elastica curve ) and studied buckling.
Euler's formula, e ix = cos x + i sin x; Euler's polyhedral formula for planar graphs or polyhedra: v − e + f = 2, a special case of the Euler characteristic in topology; Euler's formula for the critical load of a column: = ()