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Reduction of order (or d’Alembert reduction) is a technique in mathematics for solving second-order linear ordinary differential equations. It is employed when one solution y 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle y_{1}(x)} is known and a second linearly independent solution y 2 ( x ) {\displaystyle y_{2}(x)} is desired.
Rewriting s to t by a rule l::=r.If l and r are related by a rewrite relation, so are s and t.A simplification ordering always relates l and s, and similarly r and t.. In theoretical computer science, in particular in automated reasoning about formal equations, reduction orderings are used to prevent endless loops.
Sturm–Liouville theory is a theory of a special type of second-order linear ordinary differential equation. Their solutions are based on eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of linear operators defined via second-order homogeneous linear equations.
Model order reduction (MOR) is a technique for reducing the computational complexity of mathematical models in numerical simulations. As such it is closely related to the concept of metamodeling , with applications in all areas of mathematical modelling .
The second-order autonomous equation = (, ′) is more difficult, but it can be solved [2] by introducing the new variable = and expressing the second derivative of via the chain rule as = = = so that the original equation becomes = (,) which is a first order equation containing no reference to the independent variable .
Second order approximation, an approximation that includes quadratic terms; Second-order arithmetic, an axiomatization allowing quantification of sets of numbers; Second-order differential equation, a differential equation in which the highest derivative is the second; Second-order logic, an extension of predicate logic
Animation of Gaussian elimination. Red row eliminates the following rows, green rows change their order. In mathematics, Gaussian elimination, also known as row reduction, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. It consists of a sequence of row-wise operations performed on the corresponding matrix of coefficients.
This is a first-order linear differential equation, and it remains to show that Abel's identity gives the unique solution, which attains the value () at . Since the function p {\displaystyle p} is continuous on I {\displaystyle I} , it is bounded on every closed and bounded subinterval of I {\displaystyle I} and therefore integrable, hence