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The role of the examining magistrate is important in civil-law jurisdictions such as France, which have an inquisitorial system.In contrast, common-law jurisdictions such as England and the United States have an adversarial system and lack a comparable official.
Notably, in 2002, there were 562 investigating magistrates in France, with some 60,000 investigations ongoing at any given moment, so caseloads were large and individual attention to each was difficult. [7] But, investigating judges "are seen as important, independent arbiters, examining the most sensitive and serious allegations."
The main feature of the inquisitorial system in criminal justice in France, and other countries functioning along the same lines, is the function of the examining or investigating judge (juge d'instruction), also called a magistrate judge. The examining judge conducts investigations into serious crimes or complex inquiries.
Marc Trévidic (born on 20 July 1965 in Bordeaux) is a French magistrate. From 2000 to 2015, he was an examining magistrate at the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, specializing in fighting terrorism.
The position of stipendiary magistrate in New Zealand was renamed in 1980 to that of district court judge. The position was often known simply as "magistrate" or with the postnominal initials "SM" in newspapers' court reports. In the late 1990s, a position of community magistrate was created for District Courts on a trial basis. A community ...
1984. Examining magistrate at Douai, and then Chartres. 1989. Elected to the Tribunal de Grande instance at Créteil as investigating magistrate. 1994. Start of the Paris HLM scandal . 2002. Retired as a judge.
The case was dismissed in October 2008 by Judge Émilie Petel, but the Imbard family's lawyer pursued an appeal, leading to a reopening of the investigation in 2011 under a new examining magistrate. [B 1] [M 74] [M 75] New DNA analyses and police custody orders were initiated following a broadcast on France 2. [9]
Its magistrates can be referred to as "standing" magistrates, as opposed to magistrats du siège (seated magistrates). Its closest equivalent in some English-speaking countries is the (office of the) director of public prosecutions [ 1 ] and the attorney general in others.