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In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization [1] [2] is a change within a cell, ... Examples include the nicotinic agonists, suxamethonium and decamethonium. [14]
Examples include: Nitric acid, used in the Grove cell and Bunsen cell; Chromic acid, used in the Chromic acid cell; Manganese dioxide, used in the Leclanché cell and Dry cell; Nitric and chromic acids are powerful oxidizing agents, and effective depolarizers, but their hazardous nature makes them unsuitable for general use.
A depolarizer or depolariser is an optical device used to scramble the polarization of light.An ideal depolarizer would output randomly polarized light whatever its input, but all practical depolarizers produce pseudo-random output polarization.
Cellular mechanisms of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) begin during phase 4, after repolarization is completed but before another action potential would normally occur via the normal conduction systems of the heart.
In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas , they provoke release of insulin . [ a ] Action potentials in neurons are also known as " nerve impulses " or " spikes ", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called ...
If these receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, a resulting conformational change opens the ion channels, which leads to a flow of ions across the cell membrane. This, in turn, results in either a depolarization, for an excitatory receptor response, or a hyperpolarization, for an inhibitory response.
Neural accommodation or neuronal accommodation occurs when a neuron or muscle cell is depolarised by slowly rising current (ramp depolarisation) in vitro. [1] [2] The Hodgkin–Huxley model also shows accommodation. [3]
Voltage-gated ion channels have a crucial role in excitable cells such as neuronal and muscle tissues, allowing a rapid and co-ordinated depolarization in response to triggering voltage change. Found along the axon and at the synapse, voltage-gated ion channels directionally propagate electrical signals.