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The ethics involved within pharmaceutical sales is built from the organizational ethics, which is a matter of system compliance, accountability and culture (Grace & Cohen, 2005). Organizational ethics are used when developing the marketing and sales strategy to both the public and the healthcare profession of the strategy. [ 1 ]
These interactions are governed according to limits established by the Code on Interactions with Health Care Professionals, created by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). This code came into practice in 2002 and has since been updated to help define ethical interactions between health care professionals and the ...
Founded in 1958, PhRMA lobbies on behalf of pharmaceutical companies. [2] [3] PhRMA is headquartered in Washington, D.C. [1] The organization has lobbied fiercely against allowing Medicare to negotiate drug prices for Medicare recipients, [4] and filed lawsuits against the drug price provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act. [5]
The largest pharmaceutical companies and their two trade groups, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and Biotechnology Innovation Organization, lobbied on at least 1,600 pieces of legislation between 1998 and 2004.
A code of practice is adopted by a profession (or by a governmental or non-governmental organization) to regulate that profession. A code of practice may be styled as a code of professional responsibility, which will discuss difficult issues and difficult decisions that will often need to be made, and then provide a clear account of what behavior is considered "ethical" or "correct" or "right ...
PhRMA, the Global Colon Cancer Association and the National Infusion Center Association (NICA) in a lawsuit filed in June argued that the penalties violated the U.S. Constitution's Eighth ...
By extension, this definition is sometimes also used for marketing practices applied to nutraceuticals and medical devices. Whilst rule of law regulating pharmaceutical industry marketing activities is widely variable across the world, pharmaceutical marketing is usually strongly regulated by international and national agencies, like the Food ...
Supporters of direct-to-consumer advertising argue that advertisements increase competition which leads to lower prescription drug prices and new development, citing, for instance, that between 1997 and 2001, spending on research and development in the U.S. increased 59% while spending on promoting drugs directly to patients increased 145%.