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Church music during the Reformation developed during the Protestant Reformation in two schools of thought, the regulative and normative principles of worship, based on reformers John Calvin and Martin Luther. They derived their concepts in response to the Catholic church music, which they found distracting and too ornate. Both principles also ...
John Calvin (/ ˈ k æ l v ɪ n /; [1] Middle French: Jehan Cauvin; French: Jean Calvin [ʒɑ̃ kalvɛ̃]; 10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.
[1]: 40 During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther and many other reformers, including those associated with the Reformed tradition, used hymns as well as psalms, but John Calvin preferred the Psalms and they were the only music allowed for worship in Geneva. This became the norm for the next 200 years of Reformed worship.
During the Protestant Reformation, a number of Bible texts were interpreted as requiring reforms in the music used in worship. [1] The Psalms were particularly commended for singing. [ 2 ] In particular, John Calvin said,
John Calvin rejected all traditions that he did not see justified in the Bible. Unlike Luther, he was initially dismissive of church music. In Calvinist liturgies, the spoken word had priority. Although being very musical, Zwingli rejected music in worship for a long time. In the Reformed communities of Zürich, there were no songs in his time ...
Before the Protestant Reformation a select group of performers generally sang the psalms during church services, not the entire congregation. John Calvin believed that the entire congregation should participate in praising God in the worship service, and already in his Institutes of the Christian Religion of 1536 he speaks of the importance of singing psalms.
Notably, the Scottish Psalter was produced in 1564, based in part on Calvin's Genevan Psalter. Singing a Psalm in unison was a standard practice before and after the sermon in all Reformed churches in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with Zurich ending their prohibition on church music in 1598.
John Calvin was a French cleric and doctor of law. He belonged to the second generation of the Reformation, publishing his theological tome, the Institutes of the Christian Religion , in 1536 (later revised) and establishing himself as a leader of the Reformed church in Geneva , which became an "unofficial capital" of Reformed Christianity in ...