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  2. Tectonic–climatic interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic–climatic...

    Tectonic–climatic interaction is the interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system. The tectonic processes in question include orogenesis, volcanism, and erosion, while relevant climatic processes include atmospheric circulation, orographic lift, monsoon circulation and the rain shadow effect.

  3. Orographic lift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orographic_lift

    Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. [ 1 ] : 162 As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically , which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation .

  4. Land surface effects on climate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on...

    Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically , which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation .

  5. Convective inhibition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_inhibition

    This creates a stable region of air. Convective inhibition indicates the amount of energy that will be required to force the cooler packet of air to rise. This energy comes from fronts, heating, moistening, or mesoscale convergence boundaries such as outflow and sea breeze boundaries, or orographic lift.

  6. Lapse rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse_rate

    It varies with the temperature and pressure of the parcel and is often in the range 3.6 to 9.2 °C/km (2 to 5 °F/1000 ft), as obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental lapse rate is the decrease in temperature of air with altitude for a specific time and place (see below). It can be highly variable ...

  7. Lift (soaring) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(soaring)

    Lift is a meteorological phenomenon used as an energy source by soaring aircraft and soaring birds. The most common human application of lift is in sport and recreation. The three air sports that use soaring flight are: gliding, hang gliding and paragliding. Energy can be gained by using rising air from four sources: Thermals (where air rises ...

  8. Earth system interactions across mountain belts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_interactions...

    The subsequent tectonic uplift caused by exhumation reinforced the orographic effects of the climatic change and made the system interaction self-reinforcing. The pattern of the South Asian monsoon system correlates with Himalayan lithospheric processes through time including exhumation rates and thrusting activity along the Main Central Thrust ...

  9. Cloud physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_physics

    A third source of lift is wind circulation forcing air over a physical barrier such as a mountain (orographic lift). [10] If the air is generally stable, nothing more than lenticular cap clouds will form. However, if the air becomes sufficiently moist and unstable, orographic showers or thunderstorms may appear. [18]