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Estoppel by convention in English law (also known as estoppel by agreement) occurs where two parties negotiate or operate a contract but make a mistake. If they share an assumption, [36] belief, or understanding of the contract's interpretation or legal effect, then they are bound by it, if: [citation needed]
In this case, after the payment, by the patentee, of the fee for publishing a new specification (the so-called "B2 publication") and the filing of a translation of any amended claims into the two official languages of the EPO other than the language of procedure, the new patent specification is published. [48] The patent is revoked. [49]
The doctrine of direct estoppel prevents a party to litigation from relitigating an issue that was decided against that party. [1] Direct estoppel and collateral estoppel are part of the larger doctrine of issue preclusion. [2] Issue preclusion means that a party cannot litigate the same issue in a subsequent action. [3]
Prosecution history estoppel, also known as file-wrapper estoppel, is a term used to indicate that a person who has filed a patent application, and then makes narrowing amendments to the application to accommodate the patent law, may be precluded from invoking the doctrine of equivalents to broaden the scope of their claims to cover subject matter ceded by the amendments.
Legal estoppel is a principle of law, particularly United States patent law, that an assignor or grantor is not permitted subsequently to deny the validity of title to the subject matter of the assignment or grant.
An Estoppel Certificate (or Estoppel Letter) is a document commonly used in due diligence in real estate and mortgage activities. It is based on estoppel, the legal principle that prevents or estops someone from claiming a change in the agreement later on. [1] It is used in a variety of countries for commercial and residential transactions.
Estoppel forms part of the rules of equity, which were originally administered in the Chancery courts. Estoppel in English law is a doctrine that may be used in certain situations to prevent a person from relying upon certain rights, or upon a set of facts (e.g. words said or actions performed) which is different from an earlier set of facts.
The translation department of the Pakistan WikiProject aims to utilize high-quality non-English material related to Pakistan for the goals of the project, as well as provide transliterations for Pakistan-related articles on Wikipedia. This includes both translating articles from and to other-language Wikipedias as well as assisting contributors ...