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Leopold's maneuvers. In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the ...
A contraction stress test (CST) is performed near the end of pregnancy (34 weeks' gestation) to determine how well the fetus will cope with the contractions of childbirth.The aim is to induce contractions and monitor the fetus to check for heart rate abnormalities using a cardiotocograph.
Christian Gerhard Leopold (24 February 1846 – 12 September 1911) was a German gynecologist born in Meerane, Saxony. In 1870 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig , where he studied under Carl Siegmund Franz Credé (1819-1892), who would later become his father-in-law.
Inspection of the abdomen may already give a clue as it is wide from side to side. Usually performing the Leopold's maneuvers will demonstrate the transverse lie of the fetus. [2] Ultrasound examination delivers the diagnosis and may indicate possible causes such as multiple gestation or a tumor.
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Müller's maneuver: Johannes Peter Müller: pulmonology: collapsed section of airway: patient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of Valsalva maneuver) Müller's sign: Friedrich von Müller: cardiology: aortic insufficiency: Müller's sign at Who Named It? visible pulsation or bobbing of uvula: Murphy's punch sign: John ...
Josef Leopold Auenbrugger or Avenbrugger [1] (19 November 1722 – 17 May 1809), [2] also known as Leopold von Auenbrugger, [3] was an Austrian physician who invented percussion as a diagnostic technique. On the strength of this discovery, he is considered one of the founders of modern medicine.
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