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A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives .
In CT guided lumbar sympathicolysis, the site of neurolytic solution injection is chosen at the level of L2-L3 vertebra level. The needle should avoid the vertebral transverse process, ureter, pelvicalyceal system, and other major blood vessels.
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Atenolol is a type of sympatholytic drug. Atenolol is a selective β1 antagonist that is clinically used to treat hypertension , angina and cardiac dysrhythmias . [ 14 ] Since atenolol is selective to β1 receptor, it only acts on β1 receptors which are located in the heart. [ 15 ]
Urapidil is a sympatholytic antihypertensive drug.It acts as an α 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and as an 5-HT 1A receptor agonist. [1] Although an initial report suggested that urapidil was also an α 2-adrenoceptor agonist, [2] this was not substantiated in later studies that demonstrated it was devoid of agonist actions in the dog saphenous vein and the guinea-pig ileum. [3]
Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties. Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity.
Trimetaphan camsilate or trimethaphan camsylate (), trade name Arfonad, is a sympatholytic drug used in rare circumstances to lower blood pressure.. Trimetaphan is a ganglionic blocker: it counteracts cholinergic transmission at a specific type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous ...
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.