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Montserrat was first settled on by Irish Catholics in 1632, who were sent there by Sir Thomas Warner, the first British governor of neighbouring St Kitts. [1] After the settlement, more Irish settlers were attracted from colonial Virginia and they established plantations to grow tobacco and indigo, which would eventually be followed by cotton and sugar.
In 1902, The Irish Times quoted the Montreal Family Herald in a description of Montserrat, noting that "the negroes to this day speak the old Irish Gaelic tongue, or English with an Irish brogue. A story is told of a Connaught man who, on arriving at the island, was, to his astonishment, hailed in a vernacular Irish by the black people."
By 1768, slaves outnumbered white colonists by three to one, [1] and black and creole Montserratians, led by the slave Cudjoe, decided to stage an uprising against the plantation owners. [3] 17 March was chosen as the day of the uprising as the rebels knew that their Anglo-Irish enslavers would be drinking heavily for St Patrick's Day. [4]
In Ireland, in the 21st century, Black Irish is now more commonly used to refer to Irish nationals of African descent. According to the 2022 census, 67,546 people identify as Black or Black Irish with an African background, while 8,699 people identify as Black or Black Irish with any other Black background. [4] [24]
Black people in Ireland, also known as Black Irish, [1] Black and Irish [3] or in Irish: Daoine Goirme/Daoine Dubha, [4] are a multi-ethnic group of Irish people of African descent. Black people, Africans and people of African descent have lived in Ireland in small numbers since the 18th century.
The vast majority of the population of Montserrat are of African descent (92.4% at the 2001 census) or mixed (2.9%). [1] There is also a European origin minority (3.0%; mostly descendants of Irish indentured servants or British colonists), East Indians (1.0%) groups. Out of 403 Amerindians at the 1980 census only 3 persons were left in 2001.
Dubgaill and Finngaill, or Dubgenti and Finngenti, are Middle Irish terms used to denote different rival groups of Vikings in Ireland and Britain.Literally, Dub-/Finngaill is translated as "dark and fair foreigners" [1] or "black and white foreigners", [2] and similarly, Dub-/Finngenti as "dark/black" and "fair/white heathens".
Sir William Stapleton, 1st Baronet (died 3 August 1686) was an Irish colonial administrator and planter who served as the governor of the Leeward Islands from 1671 to 1686, when he died in office. Born in Ireland to a family of Norman descent , William, as a Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , followed Charles II into exile in France .