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The federal estate tax is computed on the sum of taxable estate and taxable gifts, and is reduced by prior gift taxes paid. These taxes are computed as the taxable amount times a graduated tax rate (up to 35% in 2011). The estate and gift taxes are also reduced by a major "unified credit" equivalent to an exclusion ($5 million in 2011).
For example, for the 2020 tax year, if you’re single, you’ll pay 10% on the first $9,875 you earn, 12% on income between $9,875 and $40,125 and 22% on income between $40,125 and $85,525.
The United States social insurance system is funded by a tax similar to an income tax. Social Security tax of 6.2% is imposed on wages paid to employees. The tax is imposed on both the employer and the employee. The maximum amount of wages subject to the tax for 2020 was $137,700. [61] This amount is indexed for inflation.
It is primarily funded through a dedicated payroll tax. During 2009, total benefits of $686 billion were paid out versus income (taxes and interest) of $807 billion, a $121 billion annual surplus. An estimated 156 million people paid into the program and 53 million received benefits, roughly 2.94 workers per beneficiary. [34]
The top 5% of income earners pay 38.284% of the federal tax collected. [77] [78] As of 2007, the agency estimates that the United States Treasury is owed $354 billion more than the amount the IRS collects. [79] This is known as the tax gap. [80] The gross tax gap is the amount of true tax liability that is not paid voluntarily and timely.
Earlier this week, Mother Jones released a tape in which Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney criticized the estimated 47% of Americans who don't pay federal income tax. While Romney's ...
Progressive taxes are imposed in an attempt to reduce the tax incidence of people with a lower ability to pay, as such taxes shift the incidence increasingly to those with a higher ability-to-pay. The opposite of a progressive tax is a regressive tax, such as a sales tax, where the poor pay a larger proportion of their income compared to the ...
Progressive activists, including the temperance movement, successfully lobbied for the 16th Amendment establishing a federal income tax to reduce the government's dependence on alcohol taxes for revenue. [19] By about 1916, the loans taken out during the Civil War were all paid off, and the excise taxes were again set very low.