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Leghemoglobin (also leghaemoglobin or legoglobin) is an oxygen-carrying phytoglobin found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants. It is produced by these plants in response to the roots being colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, termed rhizobia, as part of the symbiotic interaction between plant and bacterium: roots not colonized by Rhizobium do not synthesise leghemoglobin.
Phytoglobins are globular plant (algae and land plant) proteins classified into the globin superfamily, which contain a heme, i.e. protoporphyrin IX -Fe, prosthetic group. The earliest known phytoglobins are leghemoglobins , discovered in 1939 by Kubo after spectroscopic and chemical analysis of the red pigment of soybean root nodules . [ 1 ]
Oxidation and reduction pathways of methemoglobin and hemoglobin. Published by N. De Crem et al., 2022. In living organisms, because methemoglobin (MetHb) is unable to bind oxygen, it must be reduced to hemoglobin (Hb) through the action of the soluble isoform of cytochrome b5 reductase.
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.
This pathway has been demonstrated in Chloroflexus, a nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium; however, other studies suggest that 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle is used by several chemotrophic archaea. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] T In E. coli 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle has been studied and found to be insensitive to oxygen.
In biochemistry, the Luebering–Rapoport pathway (also called the Luebering–Rapoport shunt) is a metabolic pathway in mature erythrocytes involving the formation of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), which regulates oxygen release from hemoglobin and delivery to tissues. 2,3-BPG, the reaction product of the Luebering–Rapoport pathway was first described and isolated in 1925 by the ...
The E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme is a main component that provides specificity in protein degradation pathways, including immune signaling pathways. [36] The E3 enzyme components can be grouped by which domains they contain and include several types. [38] These include the Ring and U-box single subunit, HECT, and CRLs.
Plant senescence is the process of aging in plants. Plants have both stress-induced and age-related developmental aging. [1] Chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence reveals the carotenoids, such as anthocyanin and xanthophylls, which are the cause of autumn leaf color in deciduous trees. Leaf senescence has the important function of ...