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Facial trauma, also called maxillofacial trauma, is any physical trauma to the face. Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns , lacerations and bruises , or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries .
The role of antibiotics in midface trauma is a complex and highly patient-dependent topic. Facial trauma patients with lacerations (or wounds) to the inner lining of the mouth or the nose traditionally have been started on antibiotics as soon as they enter the hospital and have remained on antibiotics for a minimum of 24 hours after surgery. [2]
Facial fractures often also occur. [1] Diagnosis is typically by CT scan. [1] Treatment is generally based on the extent and location of the injury to structures inside the head. [1] Surgery may be performed to seal a CSF leak that does not stop, to relieve pressure on a cranial nerve or repair injury to a blood vessel. [1]
A cricothyrotomy (also called cricothyroidotomy or laryngotomy) is an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patient airway during certain life-threatening situations, such as airway obstruction by a foreign body, angioedema, or massive facial trauma.
Facial bruising, periorbital ecchymosis, soft tissue gas, swelling, trismus, altered mastication, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia are other indirect features of the injury. [1] The zygomatic arch usually fractures at its weakest point, 1.5 cm behind the zygomaticotemporal suture.
A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
An inability to form facial expressions on one side of the face may be the first sign of damage to the nerve of these muscles. Damage to the facial nerve results in facial paralysis of the muscles of facial expression on the involved side. Paralysis is the loss of voluntary muscle action; the facial nerve has become damaged permanently or ...
Bilateral raccoon eyes. Raccoon eyes, also known as panda eyes or periorbital ecchymosis, is a sign of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma, a craniotomy that ruptured the meninges, or (rarely) certain cancers.