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When two or more individuals engage in enterprise as co-owners, the organization is known as a partnership. This form of organization is popular among personal service enterprises, as well as in the legal and public accounting professions. The important features of and accounting procedures for partnerships are discussed and illustrated below.
Example: A and B each contribute $10,000 in cash to form the AB Partnership. AB buys real property for $120,000, paying $20,000 and giving a recourse note for $100,000. The partnership agreement allocates all items equally to the partners. To determine each partner's economic risk of loss, a constructive liquidation analysis must be performed.
The liability of limited partners is limited to their investment in the partnership. This form of partnership was developed in the 19th century, the U.K. where it was imparted by charter, [19] and in the U.S. where it was created by statute. [18] [19] More recently, additional forms of partnership have been recognized:
As in a partnership or Limited liability company (LLC), the profits of a Limited liability partnership (LLP) are allocated among the partners for tax purposes, avoiding the problem of "double taxation" often found in corporations. Some US states have combined the LP and LLP forms to create limited liability limited partnerships.
A general partnership, the basic form of partnership under common law, is in most countries an association of persons or an unincorporated company with the following major features: Must be created by agreement, proof of existence and estoppel .
An international joint venture (IJV) occurs when two businesses based in two or more countries form a partnership.A company that wants to explore international trade without taking on the full responsibilities of cross-border business transactions has the option of forming a joint venture with a foreign partner.
During 1939 to 1959 CAP issued 51 Accounting Research Bulletins that dealt with a variety of timely accounting problems. However, this problem-by-problem approach failed to develop the much needed structured body of accounting principles.
A strategic partnership will usually fall short of a legal partnership entity, agency, or corporate affiliate relationship. Strategic partnerships can take on various forms from shake hand agreements, contractual cooperation's all the way to equity alliances, either the formation of a joint venture or cross-holdings in each other.