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Ekranoplan A-90 Orlyonok. A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that is able to move over the surface by gaining support from the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth or water.
The RFB X-114 Aerofoil Craft was an experimental ground-effect vehicle intended to work over water, with the ability to fly out of ground effect when required. It was the last of three such aircraft designed by Alexander Lippisch in the 1960s and early 1970s.
During takeoff, ground effect can cause the aircraft to "float" while below the recommended climb speed. The pilot can then fly just above the runway while the aircraft accelerates in ground effect until a safe climb speed is reached. [2] For rotorcraft, ground effect results in less drag on the rotor during hovering close to the ground. At ...
Bartini Beriev VVA-14 - Amphibious anti-submarine aircraft, only prototypes were produced; KM "Caspian Sea Monster" - largest GEV ever built; Lun-class ekranoplan - Only GEV to be used as a warship; A-90 Orlyonok - Amphibious transport GEV; Beriev Be-2500 - Proposed heavy transport GEV; Aqualet - New 2011 Russian development of Ground Effect ...
The ground effect occurs when flying at an altitude of only a few metres above the ocean or ground; drag is greatly reduced by the proximity of the ground preventing the formation of wingtip vortices, thus increasing the efficiency of the wing. This effect does not occur at high altitude. [5] [6] The name Lun comes from the Russian word for the ...
The A-90 uses ground effect to fly a few meters above the surface. The Russians classify it as Ekranoplan Class B – it can achieve an altitude of 3,000 m (9,800 ft), placing it between Class A – which is limited to ground effect, and Class C, which exploits the ground effect only during take-offs and landings and otherwise functions as a ...
The RFB X-113 Aerofoil Boat was an experimental ground effect vehicle intended to work over water. It was one of three such aircraft designed by Alexander Lippisch in the 1960s and early 1970s. The X-113 first flew in 1970; only one was built.
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft General characteristics Crew: One or two Length: 25 ft 0 in (7.62 m) Wingspan: 14 ft 0 in (4.27 m) Wing area: 110 sq ft (10 m 2) Empty weight: 370 lb (168 kg) Gross weight: 710 lb (322 kg) Powerplant: 1 × unknown, tractor configuration, 25 hp (19 kW) Propellers: fixed pitch Performance Maximum speed: 77 mph (124 km/h, 67 kn) in free flight, flown solo ...