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  2. Non-tariff barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade

    Product licensing can take many forms and procedures. The main types of licenses are general license that permits unrestricted importation or exportation of goods included in the lists for a certain period of time; and one-time license for a certain product importer (exporter) to import (or export).

  3. Licensed production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensed_production

    1933 Fiat 508 manufactured under license in Poland by Polski Fiat.. Licensed production is defined as an overseas production arrangement, usually as a direct result of inter-state trade agreements, that permits a foreign government or entity to acquire the technical information to manufacture all or part of an equipment or component patented in the exporting country. [6]

  4. Royalty payment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty_payment

    A royalty payment is a payment made by one party to another that owns a particular asset, for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes and metrics of compensation.

  5. Barriers to entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entry

    Carlton and Perloff then dismiss their own definition as impractical and instead use their own definition of a "long-term barrier to entry" which is defined very closely to the definition in the introduction. In 2011, Wheelen and Hunger gave the definition "an obstruction that makes it difficult for a company to enter an industry". [6]

  6. License - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License

    The simplest definition is "A license is a promise not to sue", because a license usually either permits the licensed party to engage in an illegal activity, and subject to prosecution, without the license (e.g. fishing, driving an automobile, or operating a broadcast radio or television station), or it permits the licensed party to do ...

  7. Occupational licensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_licensing

    Occupational licensing, also called licensure, is a form of government regulation requiring a license to pursue a particular profession or vocation for compensation. It is related to occupational closure.

  8. Export - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export

    However, exporters, who export products and get paid mostly in dollars, suffer because of the depreciation of the dollar against the Armenian dram. Moreover, Armenia’s other exporting bright spot is the IT industry, since a lot of companies and individuals work for US-based companies and get paid in US dollars.

  9. Internalization theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalization_theory

    Internalization theory focuses on imperfections in intermediate product markets. [2] Two main kinds of intermediate product are distinguished: knowledge flows linking research and development (R&D) to production, and flows of components and raw materials from an upstream production facility to a downstream one.