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Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae , including henbane , mandrake , angel's trumpets , jimsonweed , the sorcerers' tree , and Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade).
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, [9] or Devil's Breath, [10] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness [11] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide [4] and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, [5] is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, [6] and renal colic.
Important [5] muscarinic antagonists include atropine, hyoscyamine, hyoscine butylbromide and hydrobromide, ipratropium, tropicamide, cyclopentolate, pirenzepine and scopalamine. Muscarinic antagonists such as ipratropium bromide can also be effective in treating asthma , since acetylcholine is known to cause smooth muscle contraction ...
Periactin (cyproheptadine) 4 mg tablets Cyproheptadine's 3D molecular structure represented as space-filling model Cyproheptadine is used to treat allergic reactions (specifically hay fever ). [ 8 ] There is evidence supporting its use for allergies, but second generation antihistamines such as ketotifen and loratadine have shown equal results ...
For symptomatic bradycardia, the usual dosage is 0.5 to 1 mg IV push; this may be repeated every 3 to 5 minutes, up to a total dose of 3 mg (maximum 0.04 mg/kg). [23] Atropine is also useful in treating second-degree heart block Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach block), and also third-degree heart block with a high Purkinje or AV-nodal escape rhythm.
[213] [97] [12] [10] Estradiol patches delivering a daily dosage of 0.05 mg (50 μg) achieve mean estradiol and estrone levels of 30 to 65 pg/mL and 40 to 45 pg/mL, respectively, while a daily dosage of 0.1 mg (100 μg) attains respective mean levels of 50 to 90 pg/mL and 30 to 65 pg/mL of estradiol and estrone. [15]
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.