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Spelling and punctuation before the 16th century was highly erratic, but the introduction of printing in 1470 provoked the need for uniformity.. Several Renaissance humanists (working with publishers) proposed reforms in French orthography, the most famous being Jacques Peletier du Mans who developed a phonemic-based spelling system and introduced new typographic signs (1550).
During the 19th and 20th centuries, hundreds of French-language newspapers, many short-lived, were published in the United States by Franco-Americans, immigrants from Canada, France, and other French-speaking countries. In New England alone, more than 250 journals had been established and ceased publication before 1940.
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
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The medieval spelling of Portuguese was mostly phonemic, but, from the Renaissance on, many authors who admired classical culture began to use an etymological orthography. However, spelling reforms in Portugal (1911) and Brazil (1943) reverted the orthography to phonemic principles (with some etymological distinctions maintained). Later reforms ...
Early writers of this new English, such as Geoffrey Chaucer, gave it a fairly consistent spelling system, but this was soon diluted by Chancery clerks who re-spelled words based on French orthography. [2] English spelling consistency was dealt a further blow when William Caxton brought the printing press to London in 1476. Having lived in ...
Robert Estienne was born in Paris in 1503. The second son of the famous humanist printer Henri Estienne, [6] he became knowledgeable in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. [6] After his father's death in 1520, the Estienne printing establishment was maintained by his father's former partner Simon de Colines who also married Estienne's mother, the widow Estienne. [7]
L'Alliance New York, formerly French Institute Alliance Française (FIAF) is a 501(c)(3) not–for–profit organization incorporated in the State of New York.Its mission is to enhance the knowledge and appreciation of French and Francophone culture, to increase the knowledge of the French language, and to encourage interaction among French, Francophone, and American people through programs in ...