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The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia affects around 0.3–0.7% of people at some point in their life. [19] [14] In areas of conflict this figure can rise to between 4.0 and 6.5%. [254] It occurs 1.4 times more frequently in males than females and typically appears earlier in men. [87] Worldwide, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder. [56]
'This will turn out to be the most important break in the disease,' the Broad Institute's director Eric Lander said.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that most commonly affects social and emotional functioning. Besides emotional and psychological influences, it is believed that genetics and early development play a role in the onset of schizophrenia. [8] The physical aspects of the disease are actual differences in the brain of the affected.
Frontostriatal circuits are neural pathways that connect frontal lobe regions with the striatum and mediate motor, cognitive, and behavioural functions within the brain. [1] They receive inputs from dopaminergic , serotonergic , noradrenergic , and cholinergic cell groups that modulate information processing. [ 2 ]
Parts of the brainstem are responsible for passive emotional coping strategies characterized by disengagement or withdrawal from the external environment (quiescence, immobility, hyporeactivity), similar to what is seen in blunted affect. Individuals with schizophrenia with blunted affect show activation of the brainstem during fMRI scans ...
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