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Septic arthritis should be considered whenever a person has rapid onset pain in a swollen joint, regardless of fever. One or multiple joints can be affected at the same time. [2] [11] [12] Laboratory studies such as blood cultures, white blood cell count with differential, ESR, and CRP should also be included. However, white cell count, ESR ...
[3] [4] Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency, which, if treatment is delayed, can lead to irreversible joint damage. Septic arthritis occurs more often in childhood than at any other time. [4] [5] Kocher criteria are a useful guide to the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children, especially in the hip, one of the most frequently ...
Septic arthritis can be difficult to separate from less serious conditions such as transient synovitis. Factors that can help indicate septic arthritis rather than synovitis include a WBC count greater than 12×10 9 /l, fever greater than 38.5 °C (101.3 °F), ESR greater than 40 mm/h, CRP greater than 2.0 mg/dL, and refusal to walk. [6]
Gross Appearance: Opaque-appearing synovial fluid may indicate the presence of white blood cells, red blood cells, or acellular material such as lipids. Yellow-green appearing synovial fluid may indicate the presence of inflammation or infection. In the case of an infection or septic arthritis, the synovial fluid may contain pus and be more ...
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...
Additionally, beware to exclude the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis, because it not uncommonly cooccurs with septic arthritis of the hip in children. [8] Inflammatory parameters in the blood may be slightly raised (these include erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and white blood cell count), but raised inflammatory markers are ...
99th percentile cutoff: Cardiac troponin I (high sensitive) 0.03 [7] ng/mL 99th percentile cutoff: Cardiac troponin T (high sensitive) Male 0.022 [7] ng/mL 99th percentile cutoff: Female 0.014 [7] ng/mL 99th percentile cutoff: newborn/infants not established more than adults [60] [61]
PCT at a cutoff value of .5 ng/mL was effective at ruling in septic arthritis in an analysis of over 8000 patients across 10 prospective studies. PCT had a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 95%. The study also concluded that PCT outperforms C-reactive protein in differentiating septic arthritis from non-septic arthritis. [74]