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The water vapor produces the sea smoke fog and is usually misty and smoke-like. [30] Garúa fog near the coast of Chile and Peru [31] occurs when typical fog produced by the sea travels inland but suddenly meets an area of hot air. This causes the water particles of fog to shrink by evaporation, producing a "transparent mist".
Sea of fog riding the coastal marine layer through the Golden Gate Bridge at San Francisco, California Afternoon smog within a coastal marine layer in West Los Angeles. A marine layer is an air mass that develops over the surface of a large body of water, such as an ocean or large lake, in the presence of a temperature inversion.
Sea smoke, frost smoke, [1] or steam fog [2] is fog which is formed when very cold air moves over warmer water. Arctic sea smoke [3] is sea smoke forming over small patches of open water in sea ice. [4] It forms when a light wind of very cold air mixes with a shallow layer of saturated warm air immediately above the warmer water.
The Andes mountain range which runs along the Pacific coast of South America divides Chile and Peru into inland and coastal regions, and its proximity to the sea coupled with the steep change in elevation (and thus surface temperature) allow for fog to form along the Pacific coast and supply moisture to the otherwise arid desert.
With sufficient humidity in the cooler layer, fog is typically present below the inversion cap. An inversion is also produced whenever radiation from the surface of the earth exceeds the amount of radiation received from the sun, which commonly occurs at night, or during the winter when the sun is very low in the sky.
A Santa Ana fog is a derivative phenomenon in which a ground fog settles in coastal Southern California at the end of a Santa Ana wind episode. When Santa Ana conditions prevail, with winds in the lower 2 to 3 kilometers (1.2 to 1.9 mi) of the atmosphere from the north through east, the air over the coastal basin is extremely dry, and this dry ...
Here, the falling air is warming adiabatically, and so the fog re-evaporates as it falls. [ citation needed ] Katabatic wind in Antarctica A katabatic wind (named from Ancient Greek κατάβασις ( katábasis ) 'descent') is a downslope wind caused by the flow of an elevated, high-density air mass into a lower-density air mass below under ...
Orographic fog is formed as the air rises up the slope and will often envelope the summit. When the air is humid, some of the moisture will fall on the windward slope and on the summit of the mountain. When wind is strong, a banner cloud is formed downwind of the upper slopes of