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The key difference here is that for Anselm, satisfaction is an alternative to punishment, "it is necessary either that the honor taken away be repaid, or else that punishment follow." [2] By Christ satisfying our debt of honor to God, we avoid punishment. In Calvinist penal substitution, it is the punishment which satisfies the demands of justice.
The doctrine of the limited scope (or extent) of the atonement is intimately tied up with the doctrine of the nature of the atonement. It also has much to do with the general Calvinist view of predestination. Calvinists advocate the satisfaction theory of the atonement, which developed in the writings of Anselm of Canterbury and Thomas Aquinas.
Limited atonement (also called definite atonement) [12] asserts that Jesus's substitutionary atonement was definite and certain in its purpose and in what it accomplished. This implies that only the sins of the elect were atoned for by Jesus's death. Calvinists do not believe, however, that the atonement is limited in its value or power, but ...
Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory, [1] [2] is a theory of the atonement within Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God ...
R. T. Kendall has argued that Calvin's view of the atonement differs from that of later Calvinists, especially the Puritans. [13] Kendall interpreted Calvin as believing that Christ died for all people, but intercedes only for the elect.
Unlimited atonement (sometimes called general atonement or universal atonement) is a doctrine in Protestant Christianity that states Jesus died as a propitiation for the benefit of all humans without exception. It is normally associated with Amyraldism (four-point Calvinism), as well as Arminianism and other non-Calvinist tradition.
A basic summary of the Canons of Dort is given by the five points of Calvinism: [119] Total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. [118] Modern Reformed theologians continues to assert these points as a simple summary of the Calvinist soteriological doctrines. [120]
The free offer of the Gospel, sometimes called the well-meant offer of the gospel, in Christian theology, is the offer of salvation in Jesus Christ to all people.It is generally accepted by Calvinists, but rejected by a few small Reformed denominations, such as the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Australia, [1] the Protestant Reformed Churches in America, the Reformed Congregations in the ...