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Tonic sol-fa (or tonic sol-fah) is a pedagogical technique for teaching sight-singing, invented by Sarah Anna Glover (1786–1867) of Norwich, England and popularised by John Curwen, who adapted it from a number of earlier musical systems.
In Movable do [13] or tonic sol-fa, each syllable corresponds to a scale degree; for example, if the music changes into a higher key, each syllable moves to a correspondingly higher note. This is analogous to the Guidonian practice of giving each degree of the hexachord a solfège name, and is mostly used in Germanic countries, Commonwealth ...
Portrait of John Curwen by William Gush, circa 1857. John Curwen (14 November 1816 – 26 May 1880) was an English Congregationalist minister and diffuser of the tonic sol-fa system of music education created by Sarah Ann Glover.
Tonic Sol-fa is an a cappella quartet from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul region. With a largely pop-music -oriented repertoire, their CDs have sold over 2,000,000 copies, [ 1 ] and the group has toured throughout the US and abroad.
From 1839, when he went to Paris to investigate various systems of teaching music to large masses of people, he identified himself with Wilhem's system of the fixed "do," in contrast to the moveable "do" of the Tonic sol-fa. His adaptation of Wilhem's system was taught with enormous success from 1840 to 1860.
He was also a pioneer of the tonic sol-fa method of sight-singing in Wales, [3] having adapted and translated into Welsh, the works of John Curwen. [4] His most important publication on the topic was Llawlyfr y Tonic Solffa, a handbook which was designed to help in the teaching of the tonic sol-fa method. [5]
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The original sequence was Ut Re Mi Fa Sol La, where each verse started a scale note higher. "Ut" later became "Do". The equivalent syllables used in Indian music are: Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni. See also: solfège, sargam, Kodály hand signs. Tonic sol-fa is a type of notation using the initial letters of solfège.