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The Christianization of Scandinavia, as well as other Nordic countries and the Baltic countries, took place between the 8th and the 12th centuries. The realms of Denmark , Norway and Sweden established their own archdioceses , responsible directly to the pope , in 1104, 1154 and 1164, respectively.
A good example for this are several Thor's Hammers with engraved crosses, worn as amulets, that archaeologists have found in Scandinavia. [27] Another exemplary event happened during Ansgar 's second stay in Birka , when a pagan priest demanded from the locals that they not participate in the cult of the foreign Christian God.
c. 34 or 200 – Osroene – disputed; both dates claimed 179 – Silures; traditional date, now considered questionable [1] 301 – Christianization of Armenia 301 - Foundation of San Marino
The archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen were responsible for the missions in Scandinavia. [32] Olaf Haraldsson's half-brother, Harald Hardrada , [ 33 ] who was king of Norway from 1046 to 1066, preferred bishops ordained in England or France, but Pope Leo IX confirmed the jurisdiction of the German archbishops in Norway in 1053. [ 34 ]
Scandinavia was formally Christianized by 1100 AD. The period 1050 to 1350—when the Black Death struck Europe —is considered the Older Middle Ages . The Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries was established in 1397 and lasted until King Gustav Vasa ended it upon seizing power during the Swedish War of Liberation , which concluded ...
Side view of Uppsala Cathedral, the headquarters of the Church of Sweden.. Religion in Sweden has, over the years, become increasingly diverse.Christianity was the religion of virtually all of the Swedish population from the 12th to the early 20th century, but it has rapidly declined throughout the late 20th and early 21st century.
Medieval Scandinavia: From Conversion to Reformation, circa 800–1500. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1739-5. Winroth, Anders (2012). The Conversion of Scandinavia: Vikings, Merchants, and Missionaries in the Remaking of Northern Europe. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17026-9.
The Catholic Church in the Nordic countries was the only Christian church in that region before the Reformation in the 16th century. Since then, Scandinavia has been a mostly non-Catholic region and the position of Nordic Catholics for many centuries after the Reformation was very difficult due to legislation outlawing Catholicism.