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The Christianization of Scandinavia, as well as other Nordic countries and the Baltic countries, took place between the 8th and the 12th centuries. The realms of Denmark , Norway and Sweden established their own archdioceses , responsible directly to the pope , in 1104, 1154 and 1164, respectively.
c. 34 or 200 – Osroene – disputed; both dates claimed 179 – Silures; traditional date, now considered questionable [1] 301 – Christianization of Armenia 301 - Foundation of San Marino
Scandinavia was formally Christianized by 1100 AD. The period 1050 to 1350—when the Black Death struck Europe —is considered the Older Middle Ages . The Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries was established in 1397 and lasted until King Gustav Vasa ended it upon seizing power during the Swedish War of Liberation , which concluded ...
The archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen were responsible for the missions in Scandinavia. [32] Olaf Haraldsson's half-brother, Harald Hardrada, [33] who was king of Norway from 1046 to 1066, preferred bishops ordained in England or France, but Pope Leo IX confirmed the jurisdiction of the German archbishops in Norway in 1053. [34]
A good example for this are several Thor's Hammers with engraved crosses, worn as amulets, that archaeologists have found in Scandinavia. [27] Another exemplary event happened during Ansgar 's second stay in Birka , when a pagan priest demanded from the locals that they not participate in the cult of the foreign Christian God.
Götaland seems to have been Christianized before Svealand. The first significant sign that Christianity had been established on a larger scale was the baptism of King Olof Skötkonungs circa 1008. Saint Bridget .
The Roman Empire cannot be considered Christianized before Justinian I in the sixth century, though most scholars agree the Empire was never fully Christianized. [ 105 ] [ 1 ] Archaeologist and historian Judith Herrin has written in her article on "Book Burning as Purification" that under Justinian, there was considerable destruction. [ 109 ]
Early evangelisation in Scandinavia was begun by Ansgar, Archbishop of Bremen, "Apostle of the North". Ansgar, a native of Amiens, was sent with a group of monks to Jutland Denmark in around 820 at the time of the pro-Christian Jutish king Harald Klak. The mission was only partially successful, and Ansgar returned two years later to Germany ...