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In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing vectors, [1] [2] which may be Euclidean vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space. For denoting a vector, the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in v .
Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, . [1] The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial differentiation and multiple integration.
Matrix calculus refers to a number of different notations that use matrices and vectors to collect the derivative of each component of the dependent variable with respect to each component of the independent variable. In general, the independent variable can be a scalar, a vector, or a matrix while the dependent variable can be any of these as ...
Vector notation, common notation used when working with vectors; Vector operator, a type of differential operator used in vector calculus; Vector product, or cross product, an operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional Euclidean space, producing a third three-dimensional Euclidean vector perpendicular to the original two
As the name implies, the divergence is a (local) measure of the degree to which vectors in the field diverge. The divergence of a tensor field T {\displaystyle \mathbf {T} } of non-zero order k is written as div ( T ) = ∇ ⋅ T {\displaystyle \operatorname {div} (\mathbf {T} )=\nabla \cdot \mathbf {T} } , a contraction of a tensor field ...
Leibniz's notation for the derivative, which is used in several slightly different ways. 1. If y is a variable that depends on x , then d y d x {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} y}{\mathrm {d} x}}} , read as "d y over d x" (commonly shortened to "d y d x"), is the derivative of y with respect to x .
If the dot product of two vectors is defined—a scalar-valued product of two vectors—then it is also possible to define a length; the dot product gives a convenient algebraic characterization of both angle (a function of the dot product between any two non-zero vectors) and length (the square root of the dot product of a vector by itself).
Tensors may map between different objects such as vectors, scalars, ... Ricci calculus is the modern formalism and notation for tensor indices: ...