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The survey found that many more 40–49 were married before they turned 18, than 20–24 age women who were interviewed. In 1970s, the minimum legal age of marriage, in India, for women was 15. [9] According to UNICEF report published in 2005–06, child marriage rates in India were estimated to be around 47%.
Marriageable age, marriage age, or the age of marriage is the general age, a legal age or the minimum age marriage. Age and other prerequisites to marriage vary between jurisdictions, but in the vast majority of jurisdictions, the marriage age as a right is set at the age of majority .
The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, passed on 28 September 1929, in the Imperial Legislative Council of India, fixed the minimum age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years. In 1949, after India's independence, it was amended to fix the age of 15 for girls, and in 1978 to 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
However, in modern India, the minimum age of marriage is 21 years for males and 18 years for females as per both the Hindu Marriage Act and the Special Marriage Act. The Hindu Marriage Act is applicable and valid for all Hindus including Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs who altogether form more than 83% of Indian population.
UNICEF defines child marriage as marriage before 18 years of age and considers this practice a violation of human rights. [1] Child marriage has been an issue in India for a long time, because of its root in traditional, cultural and religious protection it has been a hard battle to fight.
The Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage, and Registration of Marriages is a treaty agreed upon in the United Nations on the standards of marriage. The treaty was drafted by the Commission on the Status of Women and opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly resolution 1763 A (XVII) on 7 November 1962.
In the past, the age of marriage was young, often childhood or early teenage. [14] The average age of marriage for women in India has been increased to 21 years, according to the 2011 Census of India. [15] In 2009, about 7% of women got married before the age of 18. [16] Arranged marriages have long been the norm in Indian society.
Minimum Marriageable Age: Establishes a common minimum marriageable age for all genders—18 years for women and 21 years for men—in alignment with existing national legislation. [11] Registration of Marriages: Requires compulsory registration of all marriages with designated authorities to ensure legal recognition and transparency. [12]