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The double vowel system is widely favored among language teachers in the United States and Canada and is taught in a program for Ojibwe language teachers. [ 11 ] [ 15 ] The double vowel orthography is used to write several dialects of Ojibwe spoken in the circum- Great Lakes area.
The language is often referred to in English as Oji-Cree, with the term Severn Ojibwa (or Ojibwe) primarily used by linguists and anthropologists. [3] Severn Ojibwa speakers have also been identified as Northern Ojibwa, [4] and the same term has been applied to their dialect. [5] Severn Ojibwa speakers use two self-designations in their own ...
Ojibwe, as with other Algonquian languages, also exhibits a direct–inverse system, in which transitive verbs are marked for whether or not the direction of the action follows a "topicality hierarchy" of the language. The topicality hierarchy in Ojibwe is 2 > 1 > X > 3 > 3’ > 0, determined by 1) person, 2) gender, and 3) obviation. [16]
Ojibwe has a series of three short oral vowels and four long ones. The two series are characterized by both length and quality differences. The short vowels are /ɪ o ə/ (roughly the vowels in American English bit, bot, and but, respectively) and the long vowels are /iː oː aː eː/ (roughly as in American English beet, boat, ball, and bay respectively).
The Ojibwe language is reported as spoken by a total of 8,791 people in the United States [58] of which 7,355 are Native Americans [59] and by as many as 47,740 in Canada, [13] making it one of the largest Algic languages by numbers of speakers. [13]
Cree syllabics were developed for Ojibwe by James Evans, a missionary in what is now Manitoba in the 1830s. Evans had originally adapted the Latin script to Ojibwe (see Evans system), but after learning of the success of the Cherokee syllabary, [additional citation(s) needed] he experimented with invented scripts based on his familiarity with shorthand and Devanagari.
The rapid growth in the scope and quantity of material published in syllabics has, by all appearances, ended any immediate prospect of marginalisation for this writing system. Within the Cree and Ojibwe language communities, the situation is less confident. Cree syllabics use is vigorous in most communities where it has taken root.
Ottawa (also spelled Odawa) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of communities in southern Ontario and a smaller number of communities in northern Michigan. Ottawa has a phonological inventory of seventeen consonants and seven oral vowels ; in addition, there are long nasal vowels the phonological status of which are ...