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Plant propagation is the process of plant reproduction of a species or cultivar, and it can be sexual or asexual. It can happen through the use of vegetative parts of the plants, such as leaves, stems, and roots to produce new plants or through growth from specialized vegetative plant parts. [4]
Since sexual reproduction is often more narrowly defined as the fusion of gametes (fertilization), spore formation in plant sporophytes and algae might be considered a form of asexual reproduction (agamogenesis) despite being the result of meiosis and undergoing a reduction in ploidy. However, both events (spore formation and fertilization) are ...
Asexual reproduction in plants occurs in two fundamental forms, vegetative reproduction and agamospermy. [1] Vegetative reproduction involves a vegetative piece of the original plant producing new individuals by budding, tillering , etc. and is distinguished from apomixis , which is a replacement of sexual reproduction, and in some cases ...
Plants use underground stems to multiply by asexual reproduction and to survive from one year to the next, usually through dormancy. [11] Some plants produce stems modified to store energy and preserve a location of potential growth to survive a cold or dry period which normally is a period of inactive growth, and when that period is over the ...
When a stem segment, called a pad, falls off, it can root and form a new plant. Leaves of some plants readily root when they fall off, e.g. Sedum and Echeveria. Fragmentation is observed in nonvascular plants as well, for example, in liverworts and mosses. Small pieces of moss "stems" or "leaves" are often scattered by the wind, water or animals.
Tubers help plants perennate (survive winter or dry months), provide energy and nutrients, and are a means of asexual reproduction. [1] Stem tubers manifest as thickened rhizomes (underground stems) or stolons (horizontal connections between organisms); examples include the potato and yam.
Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection, or photosynthesis, including the following: Climbing stem of Senecio angulatus. Acaulescent: Used to describe stems in plants that appear to be stemless.
In some plants, seeds can be produced without fertilization and the seeds contain only the genetic material of the parent plant. Therefore, propagation via asexual seeds or apomixis is asexual reproduction but not vegetative propagation. [6] Softwood stem cuttings rooting in a controlled environment. Techniques for vegetative propagation include: