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The Phoenix Program (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Phụng Hoàng) was designed and initially coordinated by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Vietnam War, involving the American, South Vietnamese militaries, and a small amount of special forces operatives from the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam.
Between 1968 and 1972, the Phoenix program, according to CORDS statistics, neutralized 81,740 VC of whom 26,369 were killed. 87 percent of those deaths were attributed to conventional military operations by South Vietnam and the U.S.; the remainder were executed and, in the opinion of critics, were often innocent or non-combatants and were ...
Allied reaction to the Tet Offensive, first of a series of massive operations combining the assets and operations of the ARVN's III Corps and the American II Field Force to maintain the post-Tet pressure on the enemy and to drive all remaining PAVN/VC troops from III Corps and the Saigon area. 3rd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division), 1st Infantry ...
From a psychological operations perspective, The Vietnam War Phoenix Program is controversial to this day. Supporters say that it was a legal and closely controlled U.S.–Vietnamese intelligence program aimed at destroying the Vietcong infrastructure, while the critics say that it was an illegal system of arresting, torturing and murdering ...
Nov 1 – Jan 20 1968: Operation Lancaster [34]: 722 [9]: 143 1st Battalion, 1st Marines, 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marines, 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines and 3rd Battalion, 9th Marines search and destroy operation: Route 9 between Cam Lo and in the old Operation Kingfisher area around Ca Lu: 46: 27 Nov 1 – Jan 20 1968: Operation Neosho [9]: 142 [34]: 722
The year 1968 saw major developments in the Vietnam War.The military operations started with an attack on a US base by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC) on January 1, ending a truce declared by the Pope and agreed upon by all sides.
Oct 25 – Oct 31 1968: Operation Sea Dragon [46] US Navy and Royal Australian Navy interdiction of sea lines of communication and supply from North Vietnam to South Vietnam: 5 Oct 29 – Dec 24: Operation Pawnee III [1] [5]: 224 2nd Battalion, 26th Marines search and destroy operation: Thừa Thiên Province: Oct 30 – 31: Operation Bundaberg ...
He was also said to be the director of the "Phoenix Program" during the Vietnam War, as well as the CIA station chief in Laos between 1966 and 1968, and Saigon station chief from 1968 through February 1972. In 1976, he was appointed Associate Deputy Director for Operations, second in charge of CIA covert operations. [2]