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A discrete variable that can take only one state contains zero information, and 2 is the next natural number after 1. That is why the bit, a variable with only two possible values, is a standard primary unit of information. A collection of n bits may have 2 n states: see binary number for details.
To convert a hexadecimal number into its binary equivalent, simply substitute the corresponding binary digits: 3A 16 = 0011 1010 2 E7 16 = 1110 0111 2. To convert a binary number into its hexadecimal equivalent, divide it into groups of four bits. If the number of bits isn't a multiple of four, simply insert extra 0 bits at the left (called ...
Bitwise binary AND performs logical conjunction (shown in the table above) of the bits in each position of a number in its binary form. For instance, working with a byte (the char type): 11001000 & 10111000 -------- = 10001000
For unsigned integers, the bitwise complement of a number is the "mirror reflection" of the number across the half-way point of the unsigned integer's range. For example, for 8-bit unsigned integers, NOT x = 255 - x , which can be visualized on a graph as a downward line that effectively "flips" an increasing range from 0 to 255, to a ...
The C language provides the four basic arithmetic type specifiers char, int, float and double (as well as the boolean type bool), and the modifiers signed, unsigned, short, and long.
There are four well-known ways to represent signed numbers in a binary computing system. The most common is two's complement, which allows a signed integral type with n bits to represent numbers from −2 (n−1) through 2 (n−1) − 1.
Since each binary memory element, such as a flip-flop, has only two possible states, one or zero, and there is a finite number of memory elements, a digital circuit has only a certain finite number of possible states. If N is the number of binary memory elements in the circuit, the maximum number of states a circuit can have is 2 N.
Boolean, true or false.; Character; Floating-point representation of a finite subset of the rationals.. Including single-precision and double-precision IEEE 754 floats, among others