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The ratios were obtained using the criterion that choked flow occurs when the ratio of the absolute upstream pressure to the absolute downstream pressure is equal to or greater than ([+] /) / (), where is the specific heat ratio of the gas. The minimum pressure ratio may be understood as the ratio between the upstream pressure and the pressure ...
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.
There are numerous applications where a steady, uniform, isentropic flow is a good approximation to the flow in conduits. These include the flow through a jet engine, through the nozzle of a rocket, from a broken gas line, and past the blades of a turbine. m = Mach number V = velocity R = universal gas constant p = pressure k = specific heat ratio
[4] [5] [6] A generalized model of the flow distribution in channel networks of planar fuel cells. [6] Similar to Ohm's law, the pressure drop is assumed to be proportional to the flow rates. The relationship of pressure drop, flow rate and flow resistance is described as Q 2 = ∆P/R. f = 64/Re for laminar flow where Re is the Reynolds number.
Sandblasting nozzles accelerate and air and media mixture; Bilge water can be emptied from a moving boat through a small waste gate in the hull. The air pressure inside the moving boat is greater than the water sliding by beneath. A scuba diving regulator uses the Venturi effect to assist maintaining the flow of gas once it starts flowing
A simplified version of the definition is: The k v factor of a valve indicates "The water flow in m 3 /h, at a pressure drop across the valve of 1 kgf/cm 2 when the valve is completely open. The complete definition also says that the flow medium must have a density of 1000 kg/m 3 and a kinematic viscosity of 10 −6 m 2 /s , e.g. water.
Darcy–Weisbach equation calculator; Pipe pressure drop calculator Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine for single phase flows. Pipe pressure drop calculator for two phase flows. Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine; Open source pipe pressure drop calculator. Web application with pressure drop calculations for pipes and ducts
In locations where a municipal connection is not possible or practical, the required water may be drawn from an open body of water (e.g., lake, pond, river) or a water storage tank. Hydraulic calculations determine if the available water supply pressure is adequate to provide the sprinkler system design flowrate.